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Background and aim
As smoking initiation generally occurs in adolescence, smoking prevention is targeted primarily at young adolescents (aged below 16 years). We hypothesize that, with the adoption of increasingly stronger youth access laws, a shift in the age of smoking initiation may have occurred.
Design
Repeated cross‐sectional survey.
Setting
The Netherlands.
Participants
A total of 13 163...
Aim
To test if the degree of change in cannabis use between 2001 and 2013 differed according to socio‐economic status.
Design
Repeated cross‐sectional household surveys that were nationally representative.
Setting
Australia.
Participants
Adult samples from the 2001 and 2013 National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (n = 23 642 in 2001 and n = 21 353 in 2013), the largest nationally representative...
Aims
The aims of this study were to estimate the prevalence and predictors of non‐medical substance use, and to assess the association between non‐medical substance use and fatal poisoning or history of drug abuse in Finland.
Design and setting
Retrospective cohort study of all medico‐legally investigated death cases in Finland. The postmortem toxicology database was linked together with the register...
Aims
To test the hypothesis that among non‐treatment‐seeking emerging adults (EA) who both use marijuana and have alcohol binges, a brief, longitudinally delivered, developmentally based motivational intervention would show greater reductions in the use of these two substances compared with a health education control condition.
Design
Parallel, two‐group, randomized controlled trial with follow‐up...
Aims
To estimate the effects of needle and syringe programmes (NSP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST), alone or in combination, for preventing acquisition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in people who inject drugs (PWID).
Methods
Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Bibliographic databases were searched for studies measuring concurrent exposure to current OST (within the last 6 months) and/or NSP...
Background and aims
The activity of CYP2A6, the major nicotine‐inactivating enzyme, is measurable in smokers using the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR; 3′hydroxycotinine/cotinine). Due to its role in nicotine clearance, the NMR is associated with smoking behaviours and response to pharmacotherapies. The NMR is highly heritable (~80%), and on average lower in African Americans (AA) versus whites. We...
Background and aim
The introduction of the Alcohol Act in Scotland on 1 October 2011, which included a ban on multi‐buy promotions, was probably associated with a fall in off‐trade alcohol sales in the year after its implementation. The aim of this study was to test if the same legislation was associated with reduced levels of alcohol‐related deaths and hospital admissions in the 3‐year period after...
Background and Aims
Epidemiological trends show marijuana use in the United States to have increased in recent years. Previous research has identified cohort effects as contributing to the rising prevalence, in particular birth cohorts born after 1945. However, given recent policy efforts to regulate marijuana use at the state level, period effects could also play a contributory role. This study...
Background and Aims
Internet pornography use is an increasingly common, yet controversial, behavior. Whereas mental health communities are divided about potentially problematic use patterns, many lay people identify as feeling dysregulated or compulsive in their use. Prior work has labeled this tendency perceived addiction to internet pornography (PA). This study's aims were to (1) assess the association...
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